Color television system



P 1954 H. G. M. DE FRANCE ET AL 2,690,471

COLOR TELEVISION SYSTEM Filed April 15, 1952 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 7l8|3|l0| nllzl l l lymp /p21 Q I/VVEN TORs M an. De FM p 1954 H. G. M. DE FRANCE ETAL 2,690,471

COLOR TELEVISION SYSTEM Filed April 15, 1952 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVEN 6 Am 61M. .De Fra/wGL 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 COLOR TELEVISION SYSTEM H. G. M. DE FRANCE ET AL Sept. 28, 1954' Filed April 15, 1952 INVEN ram flan/1i GZMDe 514m- 1. A W WM 6. AM

o o l p 1954 H. G. M. DE FRANCE ET AL 2,690,471

COLOR TELEVISION SYSTEM Filed April 15. 1952 9 Sheets-Sheet s INVENTORJ hm G/V, $852M:-

P 1954 H. G. M. DE FRANCE ETAL ,471

COLOR TELEVISION SYSTEM Filed April 15, 1952 9 Sheets-Sheet a INVENTlRS 6.1V. .09 Fm M L.A. F

Sept. 28, 1954 Filed April 15. 1952 G. M. DE FRANCE ET AL COLOR TELEVISION SYSTEM 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 P 1954 H. G. M. DE FRANCE ETAL 2,690,471

COLOR TELEVISION SYSTEM Filed April 15, 1952 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 E n 9 n INVENTORS m f/W 5. N. 1949M!- amw LA W 4 41AM 7 vSept- 28, 1954 H. G. M. DE FRANCE ET AL 2,690,471

COLOR TELEVISION SYSTEM Filed April 15, 1952 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 INVENTORS M 6 M. Dem

Patented Sept. 28, 1954 COLOR TELEVISION SYSTEM.

Henri Georges Marie De France, Paris. and Andre:

Louis Albert Feyzeau, Saint-Maur des Fosses; France, assignorslto' La Radio-Industries; An,

Paris, France Application:April"15, 1952, Serial N 0. 282,383

Claims priority; applicationFrance April 17, 195-1.:-

7 Claims. 1:

Th present inventionerelateslto' a; color 13918:- vision system wherein .the transmission of colored pictures. is. effected according tothe welleknown trichromatic analysis process: and whereinthe fundamental, or component, colors areinterlaced at .the frequency; of, the-scanning lines'both at the pick-up and reproducingends.

Arr-object oftheinvention istc provide such asystem of the so-called:compatible? kind; viz.- a system enablingathe reception of a completetelevision signal from a colorn television transmitter by means of either'a specially designed television receiver, for reconstitutinga colored picture, or a conventional television receiver, for reconstituting a black-and-white picture, the reconstituted picture having in bothcases the same number oflines per scanning frame.

Another object of the invention is: to provide such a compatible system having'recourse ,to an interlacing of four elementary or. component picture scanning frames, recurring in a fixedorder of alternation such as .to ensure-protection against improper appearance of the lines in the recon? stituted pictures.

Another object of the invention is=to provide such. a four interlacedQframelcompatiblesystem not requiring any auxiliary signal in the com.- plete television signalfor determining, atv any receiver, the changes in color, of the lines with-. in a component frame and from onecomponent frame to the next following one..

A further object of the inventionistoprm vide a scanning process and signal generator for a four interlaced frame television system ensur-J ing the transmission of coloredpictures by a color interlacing at the scanning. linefr'equency.

Such a color television system will be described with reference to the attached drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 shows a typical illustrative designof a transmitter scanning arrangement in acolortelevision system accordinglto the invention;

Figs. 2 and3 are graphs for the delineation of the sequential'recurrence of "the colored linesin the four consecutive component frames. to. be interlacedin such a television system;

Fig. 4 shows a.diagram..for broadlyexplaining the scanning operation oflsaidginterlaced frames in accordance Withthe invention;

Figs. band 8 showrespective diagramsforillustrating the appearance ofitherpassagesfrom ,one

' component frame. to the followingv one. of the four: component frames. in accordance with two alternative: embodiments, block. schematic. rep: resentationsv of which 1 are respectively given in Figs. 6 'andB;

Fig, 7 is a; diagram indicating certainshapes of signals, to ,be used-in therarrangement accord,- in to Fig; 6

Fig. 10. shows atypical illustrative partial des gners a. receiver:,in.a co1or television system.

according to theinvention;

Figs, 11. to.13,:inc1usive,,show togetherlan illustrativedetailed embodiment .of va scanning signalgenerator included in the arrangement of Fig. 1, said embodiment more-,p articularly referring to the .blockschematic diagram. of, Fig. 6.

A transmitterlscanning arrangement in, acolor television system according tothe. present inven-. tion. may comprise, .asshown in Fig.1, three analyser or. camera-tubes I ,12, ,3; each being for instance l of the supericonoscopel kind, and ,having color filters l, 5," 6"so arrangedfas to solely receive on their scanned electrodes monochromatiepictures, for instance red ,in. tube I; blue in tubeZ', green .in :tube .3. Saidj monochromatic pictures, if added together, will reproduce the complete colored picture projected onto said tubes through three. distinct optical paths, for instance by means ofsilvered'mirrors as "i," Biand'il; or by means of 1 any other known distributing optical system:

The so-called"mosaic electrodes in the tubes I, 2, 3," are'scanned insynchronism by common deflecting voltages orcurrentsderived from parallel branches atrespective' outputs wand, of a" scanning signal generator 12; itself driven from'a; time-base circuit 13; It is assumed that the output lU-is the linedeflection output and output I I, the frame deflection output.

Three video" signals. are then concurrently formed in said 'tubes and are separately directed to respective inputs'of three-gates l4; l5=and l5;- for instanceto control grids of 'said' gating tubes the respective outputs; forinstance the plate outputs, ofwhichare connected to separate video amplifyingchannelsH'; l8 -andl9'. Each of the gate 'tubes hasm second-input, for instance a suppressor? grid-a input, which receives a= gating control voltage: froma respectiveroutputof the scanning-signal generator I 2: gate. I4 is controlled :from the: scanning output 20; gate Hi from the 'outputt2 l; .gatetl from: the ou-tputr 22'. Said control", voltages? are cyclically: and? sequentially interiacedriin thei-rarespective"applications. on said gates, at line synchronisation" frequency from the signal generator l2.

Theline synchronisation pulsesefromr said 'signal generator I2: are derived at-r23 and thecframe synchronisation pulses are. derived at 2 5. Both these: synchronisation pulses will; be further mixed, as usual, to the complete video signal itself constituted by the mixin together of the three sequentia1ly derived video component signals from the gates l4, l and IS.

The invention is mainly concerned with a new and improved process and means for forming such line synchronisation pulses and deriving therefrom said gate control voltages. Fig. 2 shows the appearance of a four component interlaced raster required for practizing the invention. The scanning lines which exist in any of the four component frames I to IV are indicated in full lines and said interlaced raster is of the kind in which said component frames are distributed in the sequence IIIIII-IV. An observer at the reproducing end will see, first a line of the component frame I, for instance a-red line B, then a line of the compenent frame III, for instance a blue line B spaced below the red lines of frame I, then a line in the component frame II, for instance a green line 'V appears between the two first lines (red and blue), and then underneath said three lines will appear a line of the fourth component frame IV, for instance a red line H, and so forth; the upward shift of the lines in the component frame II above the lines of the component frame HI serving to decrease, as well known, the defiling appearance of the lines in a complete picture.

In each of said component frames, a red line R, a blue line B and a green line V cyclically appear and this results from the sequential operation of the three gates I4, l5 and [6 in Fig. 1. When passing from one component frame to the next following one, however, it will be useful to provide means for discriminating the color in which the first significant line in said next following frame is due to occur. Such a discrimination would necessitate the sending out, at the transmitter equipment, to the receiver, of characteristics synchronisation pulses in the line synchronisation signal, and thus would necessitate a specially designed line synchronisation circuit in each receiver. According to the invention, no such signal is provided and consequently no such special synchronisation circuit in each receiver, but for a reception of colored pictures, a mere electronic switch progressing by one step each time a line synchronisation pulse is received will suffice. Fig. 10 shows an illustrative partial arrangement of a receiver for this purpose: three reproducing or kinescope tubes 25, 26 and 21 are shown, having colored filters 2B, 29 and 30 before their respective fluorescent screens, and said tubes receive the video signal on their respective light modulation electrode and have their scanning circuits synchronously controlled, the scanning voltages being derived in common from a conventional scanning generator 3|; said conventional generator 3| is actuated by the received line and frame synchronisation pulses in r the complete television signal after a conventionally operated separation from the video signal. These line synchronisation pulses are further applied to an electronic distributor 32 which sequentially and cyclically delivers unblocking voltages to three tube gates 33, 34 and 35 so that the light modulating electrodes of tubes 25, 26 and 21 are only controlled by the parts of the video signal which corresponds to the color of the filter associated with a particular tube. Such a picture reproducing arrangement is given by way of illustration and it is apparent that the only change in a conventional receiver lies in the addition of 4 three gates and of an electronic distributor (line pulse counter) for the control of said gates.

Considering for instance a red line R as the first significant line in any component frame, wherein said R, lines are distinguished from the other color lines in any of the four component frames I to IV in Fig, 3, it is apparent that a shift or displacement interval a exists between the first significant R, line in the component frame I and the first significant R line in the component frame II. Said shift interval a is equal to one line and a half. Such a shift can be compensated both ways, either by a phase lag to be introduced in the component frame I or by a phase lead to be introduced in the component frame 11. According to the invention, it is provided to introduce a compensating shift between said component frames so that each frame always begins with a significant line of the same component color and it is further provided to ensure such a relative phase shift, either lag or lead, during the frame fly-back period of the scan-- ning raster, when the video signal is conventionally suppressed for passing from one component frame to the next following one. Likewise, for passing from the frame component II to the component frame III, a compensating phase shift of 1), equal to three quarters of a line interval, is to be provided; for passing from the com" ponent frame III to the component frame IV, such a compensating shift is due to be equal to one line and a half, as indicated at c; for passing from the component frame IV to the component frame I, said shift interval is due to be equal to the time interval of two and a quarter lines, as indicated at d.

Now, for embodying such compensating relative shifts, the invention provides for a lengthening, or a shortening, of a number of scanning line intervals by a definite time interval, for instance by an eighth of a line interval, during said frame fiy-back period of the scanning raster. Fig. 4 gives a brief view of the signals to be used for this end:N indicates the frame fly-back (or frame blanking) signal, upon which is shown at T the frame change-over controlling pulse; SL indicates a series of regularly spaced line synchronisation pulses from a time base circuit; D shows an auxiliary series of pulses, which will also be supplied from the time base circuit, said series of pulses ensuring a division by eight of the time interval between two consecutive SL pulses. The span of the time interval a of relative shift between the component frames I and II covers twelve lines in the component frame I from the frame change-over signal T, and said twelve line intervals must be lengthened, or shortened, each by an eighth of a line interval, which will ensure an overall compensating shift of a line and a half between the lines of the two component framesI and II which will then begin by significant lines of the same component color, The change from the component frame II to the component frame III will similarly be effected with a lengthening, or a shortening, of six lines in the component frame II, after the changeover signal T, hence producing an overall compensating shift of three quarters of a line interval between said frames. The change from the component frame III to the component frame IV will also be effected by lengthening, or shortening, by an eighth of a line interval, twelve lines in the component frame III after the changeover signal T, hence a relative compensating shift of one line and a half. Finally the change from the component frame'IVto the. component frame I requires the lengthening, or;shortenin'g, :bywan eighth of a line interval, of eighteenlines in'the component frame IV afterthe change-over signal T, hence a relative shiftof two and a quarter lines between said frames.

Naturally a sub-multiple :of 'a line interval other than an eighth can'be chosenfor: such a compensating operation, WithOlll; any change in the process proper but varying the number of lengthened or shortened linesafter the changeover signal T, in accordance "with the number of D pulses which divide a time interval between two consecutive SL pulses.

Fig. 5, in the case a line lengtheningisadopted, and Fig. '8, in the reciprocal caseof a" shortening .of lines, give more detailed diagrams thanthat of Fig. l, disclosing the manner in Which'the method according to the invention may be put into practice. At the top of these Figs. 5and 8 a graph plots the appearance of-the interlacing on the reconstituted picture which is to be obtained;

on the screen of the reproducer appear a line of the component frame I, a lineof the component frame III, a line of the component frame II,-a line of the component frameIV, and soon in a frame sequence in time.

At D is plotted the series of dividing pulses which, by the choice made ofa' time interval of an eighth of the time interval between normal line synchronisation pulses Sr, supplies a number of pulses double of the total numberofline synchronisation pulses in a complete picture consisting of four interlaced component frames 1,

11:, III, IV.

Along the graph III,' is plotted the variations of relative time intervals between the line synchronisation pulses in the componentframe I for the passage from the component frame I to the component frame II during'the fly-back signal N from the change-over signal T. This change-over pulse is so provided as to occur between the line synchronisation pulse in the frame I which is in phase with the frame synchronisation signal N and the synchronisation pulse in the frame III which will follow said signal if the line were not lengthened in Fig. 5 (shortened in Fig. 8). For each frame change-over, the compensating phase-shift imparted'may be visualized by comparing in the diagram the series of the recurrent line pulses Sr and'the series of lengthened (Fig. 5), or shortened (Fig. 8), frame line pulses.

Referring firsttoFig. 5, twelve line'intervals, numbered from 1 to 12 are lengthened byan eighth of a line interval afterthe change-over signal T. The blanking signal N may be supposed to last about thirty-eightnormal line intervals, by way of illustration. Said twelve lengthened line intervals provided for passing from the component frame I tothe'component frame II, according to the graph I-II, and also for passing from the component frame III to the component frame IV, according to the .graph III--IV. Six line intervals, numbered from 1 to 6, are lengthened by an eighth of aline interval for passing from the component frame II to the component frame III, according to the graph II--III, and similarly, eighteen line intervals, numbered from 1 to 18 are lengthened by an eighth of a line interval for passingffrom the frame IV to the frame 1, according to the graphIV-I.

Related to the operative diagram inFig. 5, Fig. 6 shows a blockschematicdiagram :of .ascanning signal; generator which'rprovides for .such. a

H a condenser.

6 lengthening of numbered line :intervals within the blanking periodfrom one component frame to the nextsucceeding one.

A detailed circuit diagram for such a block arrangement will be further described in relation with Figs. 11 to 13, although any component circuit in Fig. 6 can be considered as conventional and thus of known constitution.

A numerical example will be given for better defining the invention as applied to a practical embodimentz-the signals will be derived from a time base circuit delivering three recurrent series of pulses, issuing from the pulse generators 31, 38, 39 (synchronised conventional multivibrators). The pulse generator 31 delivers an uninterrupted series of recurrent pulses at the frequency of 151,200 per second (50}(3024); the pulse generator 38 delivers an uninterrupted series of recurrent pulses at a frequency of 13,900 per second (151,200z8) the pulse generator 33 delivers an uninterrupted series of recurrent pulses at the frequency of 50 per second. These three series of pulses present a definite relative phase.

The component frame frequency of the concerned television system is then of 50 C. P. S. The picture (four frames) frequency is thus of 12,5 C. P. S. The normal line frequency is of 18,900 C. P. S. and, for instance, each frame coinprises 378 lines, hence 128 lines of the same color in such a component frame. As said above, 38 line intervals may be reserved at the end of any component frame for defining the blanking frame period, viz. the time interval alloted to the frame substitution operation.

The line synchronisation pulses SL issuing at 23 in Figs. 1 and 6 are, during the inter-blanking periods derived from the D pulses of 151,200 C. P. S. issuing from the generator 3'! by means of a cyclical count of groups of eight consecutive pulses from source 37. For this end, the pulses from 31 are applied to a shaping circuit 4| and then, when reshaped, on a circuit 42 comprising means applying a stepped charge to The output of said circuit 42 is controlled by a condenser discharge circuit 43 which, each time it is actuated, clears the charge on the condenser in circuit 42 which gives'an output signal to a threshold stage 44 so adjusted as to control the discharge by becoming conductive when the condenser charge has reached the value corresponding to that produced by eight incoming D pulses from 31.

This control of discharge is operated as follows: the discharge circuit 43 is normally set non-conductive, or off, by an output of a bistable trigger stage 45; said trigger stage 45 receives on one of its separate actuation inputs the pulses from 31. By a bistable trigger stage is here intended a two tube circuit which presents two stable conditions, one defined by the conductiVeness of the valve receiving the input signal at 46 (rest condition) and the other (work condition) defined by the conductiveness of its other valve receiving the signal from the 45 is connected to the output of the threshold stage 44, so that the trigger stage is brought to 'work by a pulse from 31, renders non-conductive 'the discharge circuit 43 during the seven "following pulses from 31, by which eight pulses are applied to the condenser in the circuit 52 before the threshold stage 4t operates and, delivering an output signal resets the trigger circuit which renders conductive the discharge circuit 53 which clears the condenser in the circuit 42.

Each line synchronisation pulse SL is derived from the output 23 of the trigger stage and is also applied, as shown, to the actuation input of a three condition step-by-step counter 49, which progresses by one step each time a pulse SL issues; said counter is connected in a closed loop. Separate outputs are provided for its three stages, 26, 2!, and 22, which are thus cyclically operative for unblocking the gates M, 5 and 16, Fig. 1, in the signal channels for the Red, Blue and Green video signal elements.

For the lengthening of a number of line intervals by an eighth of a line interval, the eight pulse level threshold stage 4 5 must be blocked and another threshold stage 53 be substituted in the control of the bistable trigger stage 45. Said threshold stage 58 is adjusted for becoming operative when the voltage charge of the condenser in circuit 42 has reached the value corresponding to the reception of nine incoming D pulses from 4|. The output of the threshold stage is connected to the triggering input 41 of the trigger stage 45, in parallel to the output of the threshold stage id.

The control of operation of the threshold stage 44 is efiected by another bistable trigger stage 5|, the output connection 52 of which is connected to gating control electrode of said stage 4 3. When the stage 5! is in its rest condition, its higher valve being on as indicated by its hatched condition in the drawing, the threshold stage i t is operative or unblocked. Each time a change-over pulse T is delivered by the generator 39, this pulse, after being retarded in phase at 53, is applied to the triggering input 55 of the stage 5! which comes to work and the threshold stage it is blocked or made unoperative. The restoration in its operative condition of the threshold stage 44- can be only made by a new triggering of the bistable stage 5!, resetting it to its rest condition. This resetting must be made, through the triggering input 55, at an instant related to the required number of lengthened line intervals in the change-over from one component frame to the succeeding one, hence to the order of the concerned component frames.

The control of such a resetting is ensured through the combination of two counters: the first one cyclically counts the frame changeover control pulses T, from the generator 39. It is shown at 56 and comprises four stages, progressing in a step-by-step fashion, and is triggered through an actuation input 57. The second counter counts the number of lengthened lines, and is predetermined according to the condition of the first so that, after the frame change-over signal for passing from the frame I to the frame II, said second counter delivers an output signal once a count of twelve lengthened lines has been made; after the change-over signal for passing from the frame II to the frame III, it delivers its output signal once it has counted six lengthened lines; after the changeover signal for passing from the frame III to the frame IV, once it has counted twelve lengthened lines again; and after the change-over signal for passing from the frame IV to the .frame I, once eighteen lengthened lines have been counted. The output signal from said lengthened line counter is connected to the triggering reset input of the control trigger stage 5|.

In the disclosed embodiment, however, advantage is taken of the fact that the numbers of lengthened lines to be counted, six, twelve, eighteen, are all interger multiples of three, so that the counter arrangement is simplified by a prior demultiplication or division by three of the number of pulses indicating the lengthened lines. For this, in the connection 58 which directs the output of the stage 42 to the actuation input of said second counter of lengthened lines, after a lengthened line pulse selector 59, there is inserted a circuit 60 which provides such a division by three of the selected pulses of lengthened lines. The output of said circuit 89 passes through a reshaping stage iii and is then applied to a circuit 62 wherein a condenser charge occurs by voltage steps. The output of said circuit 52 passes through a condenser discharge circuit 63. This discharge circuit is rendered unoperative by the frame change-over signal T from 39 and, for instance, from the trigger stage 5! at its output 52, from which is derived a branch connection 6%. This connection 64 also serves to render the discharge circuit 63 operative when the trigger stage is brought back in its rest condition.

Three threshold stages are connected in parallel to the output of the condenser charging circuit 62:- the threshold stage 65 is so adjusted as to operate at the charge level two; the threshold stage 66, at the charge level four; the threshold stage 5?, at the charge level six. Considering the prior division at 65, these threshold stages will then be rendered operative when six, twelve and eighteen lengthened lines are formed and selected at 59. These threshold stages have a common output 58 fed back to the triggering input 55 of the control trigger stage 5!.

Now, the cyclical selection of one of said threshold stages must be ensured for a definite changeover of component frames, and said selection is controlledfrom the counter 56 of change-over pulses.

The threshold stages t5 and 65 are respectively rendered unoperative, when necessary, by univibrators or monostable trigger stages 69 and E0. The length of the blocking signal from said univibrators is not critical and must only be higher thanthe length of the blanking signal. Those univibrators 59 and iii are themselves controlled from pulse coincidence circuits II and i2, viz; threshold stages having a threshold adjusted at a level two; the coincidence circuit H detects the coincidence between an actuation pulse incoming on the branch '13 and the actuated condition output voltage of the second stage of the counter 56, issuing at 7 3. The coincidence circuit 72 detects the coincidence between an actuation pulse incoming on the branch connection I5 and the actuated condition voltage from the fourth stage of the counter 56, derived at 16 and inverted at IT by a polarity or phase inverter stage. The actuation pulses are derived from a coincidence circuit receiving the 50 C. P. C. synchronisation pulses and the 18,900 C. P. S. pulses from 38.

Fig. 7 shows certain voltage diagrams for explaining the operation of the counter of lengthened lines in Fig. 6. The counter 56 being on its fourth condition, the change-over pulse ending the frame component I produces its actuation and the first stage of said counter is conductive during the period wherein the change-over from 9 frame I to frame II is to be: effected. The variationin time of the output of the-first stage-of the counter 56 is shown at I;II.in Fig. 7; for the passage from frame II to frame III, the changeover pulse Tcauses the progression by onestep of thecounter 56and the second stage is then conductive, so that the variationintime of the output of said second stageis such as indicated at IIIII; the variation in'time of-the voltage from the third stage of the counter 56 is similarly indicated at IIIIV and that of the voltage from the fourth stage indicatedat IV.-I. However, at.IV-I.is shown the variation intirne of the voltage issuing from the phase inverter stage 11.

The curves B and C, in said Fig. '7,.show.the changes in time of the voltages which are respectively applied tothethreshold stages H and 12, the threshold levels of which are indicated at band on these curves. It is apparentthat, for the changeovers I---II, III-Wand IV-I, the circuit 1! will transmit an actuation signal to: the v univibrator 59, ,thus producing-a blocking of .thedischarge circuiti65 (threshold two), but said discharge circuitg5 will be unblocked for the passing-from frame 11 to framejIII, so that six lengthened lines only will becounted and the charge of two pulses'in thecircuit '62 will produce a resetting pulse for the trigger stage Si by its input-55, thus unblocking'the geight level dischargecircuit. M on the one hand,,-and controllingthe discharge circuit63- onathe other hand.

.For the three other change-oversyofjframes, the circuit 55 will remain blocked, the:trigger staged! cannot bereset but through one. of the circuitsfic andfil, four andsix level threshold, respectively, of the lengthenedline counter.

From the curve C in Fig. 7, it is apparent that thethreshol'd stage 12 is only conducting at the change-over from the frame IV to the frame I. Accordingly, the univibrator'li! will be actuated and the stagefifi will be blocked. The resetting of the trigger stageil, hence the unblocking of the circuits "Mi and 63, will only be operated through the circuit. 6'! after eighteen lengthened lines be counted. For passing from framesI to II and III to IV,. on the other hand, the stagefifli is not-blocked but only stagebfi, and theresetting of the trigger stage 5! is operatedafter twelve lengthened lines be counted.

'The frame synchronisation impulses for the television transmission are derived at ST from the pulses incoming at 39 and issuing from the coincidence circuit;83; said pulsesare-reshaped atlfi before being supplied to the scanningsignal generator or other circuits.

It may be noted that the line synchronisation pulses SL must have a constant phase relation with respect tothe frame synchronisation signal. To this end, an auxiliary arrangement is provided, for which use is made of the time base generator delivering the pulses of 18,9000. P. S. The output signal. from-38 is applied to a threshold stage :19 and the pulses of said frequency are only admitted through said stage when passing from the component frame IV to the component frame I, as at this instant a univibrator .80 supplies a voltage pedestal of suitable value for these pulses-in said threshold stage 19. The univibrator 80 receives on its input the resetting'signal of the trigger stage at", from thegconnection 68 from the counter of lengthened lines, and receives also the output signal from the inverterstagezl'l. gTheresult; as indicated onithe curveaEin Fig.=i7,z.on1whichrthe threshold 10 value of theflhWibrator ,fllkis; shown ate, is that h r as 19 transmits f -rcertainen m o t pulsesqof ;l8,900-n1C.:R S during.the'time of a pcd s alvo tae f; f om thci vi r wfi; .sa number of pulses is-otherwise a: quite arbitrary o e- :Thcsatransf e pulses thr ueha 'a justable dephasing network-8l, areapplied to the input 41 of the trigger stage r45 for-which they i actyas; some lsind vof resetting pulses once th ne fr oue cy z-is a a r o ma v u n l th blank ng p riod- .rByisuc mc nsr hecoin i n s. ensu e ;betwcen;- ,th synchronis tion signals in :the comno en -.fa rand the pulses 19 18. 00.:C- --.S.showni on th .s a hi e z aFi 5.

,Gonsidering now ;;the ecasev i in which i the line sh ene nst ads l n th n d. vi .the raphs fis.-. .-ond th ock schemati rran ement Fig. .--,9, ;the ;.threshold stage .50 in ma -1 o ..a:n ne.;oi s ll vc i th eshold. is r placcdbva:th sholdrsta warms. 9, having a sev ornls v ;thresho ,-:sai s a 85 in n r a ly timopc at-i c -..th ou .a b oc n onncctionrtifizfrom t -;.t-r. e stascfilha l select r .59 ofsFi -fi- Wh -w s; d sign -th l tion fxoulsc c rrcsp di at a ;1pu1s l v l int circuit 4 .isirc lac d ya u se s lect r :88. in.:Ei ..-9 whic isaocs e cd fo th s lcction of; h nulsescorr sp nding. to. he ve pulse level, in: thQfiiIGllitxQZ, said; pulse selector being. unblocked t ough the=;,1ead 1.. n y.-.durihe the time;;intervals; whereinthe-;circuit; is conductive. -'I;he -:-remai;ning arran m nts ,of the si nalrgenerator a t.unchan e F s. 11 o-.11 Show at ec hcnithelcom n C I it iOf the-arran emen n Efis-=:-6.- y Whyrfl illustration. The counter ds howeveris omitted in said 1 Figs. 11 to :13, its yconstitution and operation bein apparent r t a s w nd described for th countcreific E s...13. .Th l s from :the time base will 1 be supposed available i -anosi ive :nolarityzonte mina s 8 "fIhe-rterminal 1. Eieul i ap icsl cpu cs of .3 151,200 1C.. iP.-; S. rom the -,time base to the h p ng.- circuitri I: Zch comnri c lau ivi r tor of eonventionahcircuit :;a;;do11bletriode .tube having a .seminductanc 9.0.111. t cn atcof t s n triode. element acapacitive connection; from; the plate of the first triode ,element- :to the control grid of the-second. the ,incomingsignal yheing appliedto the .acontrol. grid of :the first triode element.

' The output .leadz 92; is 1 brought out from'gthe cathodes of said reshaping stage, acrossyaidiffierentiating network I65, for the. application of the differentiatedpulses from the rear front of the rectangular signal insaid cathodes, to the control grid of an input control tube. 93 of the triggerv stagellfi. Said bistable trigger stage-.45 is also of a conventional circuit design, comprising for instance twoscreen-grid tubes-94 and. 95, having reciprocal interconnections between their plates and screen-grids, and having separate inputs on their'control grids. The input connection;46,'from the plate of the tube 93 ensures the off operation of the tube-which was normally on in the rest condition of the trigger stage. This change of. conditionoccurs as the first pulse from 4| reaches the tube 93, and the following pulses'fromflll :will not have any action-onthe trigger stage. as long. as said stage will not have been reverted to itsprior condition by the occurrence on the control grid of the tube :95, through'the otheri actuation input 4'l, of-:.a .pulse controlling .the dischargeof the condenser "96 in the pulsecounter.

Said counter of pulses of 151,200 C. P. S. has its operation based upon the charge and discharge of said condenser 96 included in the circuit 42 comprising also a tube 9'! energised from the plate output of the second triode element of the reshaping circuit 4|, and a pair of diodes 93-99 of reverse connections in the cathode output of the tube 91.

The negative alternations of the signal from 4| applied on the control grid of tube 91 are short-circuited to the ground through the diode 98 and the positive alternations, when said univibrator 4I resets, are applied to the condenser 95 through the diode 99 and charges said condenser. The armature of said condenser which is insulated from the ground is further connected to the plate of a diode I included in the discharge control circuit 43. The cathode of said diode I90 follows the cathode voltage of a tube IIlI which has its own condition controlled from the condition of the tube 94 of the trigger stage 9495, the control grid of the tube it! being connected through a capacitive connection I02 to the plate of the tube 94. When said tube 94 is on and is brought off at the beginning of a count, the positive pulse does not act on the tube IIlI which is on, but when said tube 94 goes on, at the end of the count, the tube iIlI is momentarily driven off by the 'negative plate impulse from 94, a negative impulse is applied to the cathode of the diode I00 and said diode becomes conductive and ensures the complete discharge of the condenser 96 through the grounded resistor I93.

The discharge of the condenser 96 may be initiated from the operation of one of the stages 44 and 59, as previously explained. The gating stage 44, from the adjustment of its cathode bias at I04, becomes conductive in the absence of any blocking voltage at 52, when its control grid receives through a series resistor I05 from the connection 58 a potential across the condenser 96 which corresponds to the eighth step of the condenser charge (potential value acquired by said condenser at the eighth pulse received at 31). The gating stage 50, from the adjustment of its cathode bias at I06, becomes conductive when the voltage on its control grid received from the connection 58 through a series resistor I9! denotes that nine incoming pulses at 5'! have charged the condenser 96; this is only possible when the stage 44 has been made unoperative.

Both transfer stages 44 and 50 have their plate outputs connected to the actuation input 5? of the valve 95 of the trigger stage 45.

From the lead 55 also, a tube 59 is energised for the derivation of the pulses corresponding to lengthened lines, said tube 59 havin the same bias cathode voltage as the tube 59 and thus the same threshold of operation. At the output I95 or" said tube 59 appear lengthened line pulses LA. The series resistor I99 is shown in the control grid connection of said tube 59. A polarity inverter (not shown) connects the output lead I98 of lengthened line pulses to the input of the lengthened line counting arrangement, I03 in Fig. 12.

The line synchronisation pulses are derived from the plate of the tube 95 of the trigger stage 95 through a capacitive coupling H9 to the control grid of a transfer stage III which, by its cathode output, ensures the sending of the line synchronisation pulses-SL to the conductor 23.

Considering for instance the tube 4-! on after T2 the eight incoming pulses from 31, said tube delivers an output signal which actuates the trigger stage 45 by putting off its tube which was on. The trigger stage 45 resets to rest and clear the charge on the condenser 98.

When said tube 44 is rendered unoperative from the connection 52, said trigger stage actuation is controlled by the tube 59. For rendering inoperative the tube 44, the frame changeover pulses T of 50 C. P. S. from the time base are applied at 39 and the circuit 53 reshapes these pulses and delays them, for instance through a delay line H2, short-circuited at its end H3, inserted between the input tube I !4 and the output tube IE5 of said reshaping circuit. By its plate connection 55, the tube I15 drives the trigger stage 5i. Each time a frame change-over pulse T is applied at 39, the trigger stage 5| is actuated and its tube IIS delivers a positive pulse which, through the cathode follower stage IIS reaches the connection 52. The stage 44 is thus made unoperative and remains in this state as long as the tube IIIi remains nonconductive. The trigger stage 5I is reset to its rest condition and thus unblocks the stage 44, through a connection 55 to the control grid of its tube II'I, from a transfer tube I I9 which receives the control pulse on its control grid from the terminal I20.

These control pulses are derived from a counter of lengthened lines which is shown in Fig. 12. The discharge control signal for said counter will however be taken from an output of the trigger stage 5|, Fig. l, in accordance with the diagram of Fig. 6.

Further, in Fig. 11, the input circuit 41 of the trigger stage 45 is also connected to the output of a tube 8! which receives from the terminal I 2I a periodic signal for phase resetting. The derivation of such a signal will be described in relation to Fig. 13.

Referring to Fig. 12, the lengthened line pulses LA are applied by an input terminal I98 to a reshaping stage I22 consisting of a univibrator similar to 45. The output signal from said reshaping circuit I22 is applied to a circuit which ensures a division by three of said pulses LA. Such a circuit is of the kind of a stepped charge counter just described in Fig. 11. It comprises an input tube I23 which, by its cathode output, charges a condenser I24 through a diode I25, a second diode I25 cancelling the signals of reverse unwanted polarity, as explained above. When the condenser I24 has acquired the charge corresponding to three incoming pulses LA, it is discharged and cleared through a diode l2? the cathode of which is connected to the input of a reshaper stage 6 I. This reshaper stage may comprise a double triode tube, the left hand element of which has its control grid and plate coupled through a reaction transformer I28, thus constituting a blocking oscillator, the cathode of which is driven to a positive potential on a voltage divider between battery and ground. When the charge on the condenser comes higher than the cut-01f potential of the tube, the plate current is established and the coupling due to the transformer I28 is such that the control grid is driven positive, and a cumulative action occurs; the condenser I24 discharges through the diode I27 and the grid-to-cathode space of the oscillator.

Further the diode I2! avoids the partial recharging of the condenser I24 at the reversal of current in'the transformer I28. The value of the resistor-put in parallel to the diode is such that the time constant defined by the shown resistanswer 13 since-capacitance networkis highwitlrrespect to avoltage step, but the condenser- I24 can be completely discharged within 1/ 0 of asecond. This is useful at the instant of beginning of the operation so that upon arrival of the first useful pulse the insulated armature of the condenser I24 will be at zero'potential.

The plate current is in the first triode elementof the tube 6! during the discharge of the condenser i2 1 built across the plate load'a negative pulse voltage which is peak-limited by the cut=oii action of the second triode element of the tube, and thus said amplified impulse is delivered with an accurate calibrationby' the plate output of'the'secon'd triode element of the tube BI.

"The outputpulses, onepulse issuing'for'each group of three incoming pulses, are then applied on a lengthened line pulse counter, again of similar construction including input tube I30, diodes I3I and I32, condenser I29, the discharge circuit'for said condenser I29 comprising again an input tube I33 and adiode I34. By its input terminalfi l, said discharge circuit receives the output plate signal from the trigger stage '5I, from the plate of the tube IISin' Fig. 11. The actuating pulses for saidtrigger stage, for the operation .of 63, are supplied'fromthe'output 68 in Fig. 12, fed back to-the terminal lZli in. Fig.11. Their instants of occurrence arethus conditioned by the conductibility setting of the circuits 65 to an of the lengthened pulse counter in.Fig..12, one of said three circuits. alone, viz. 61, being permanently operative and being adjusted by its cathode potential at I35 for delivering an output voltage each time the voltage across the condenser 529 becomes higher than (or reaches the level of) six incomingpulses on the tube I30, said six incoming pulses corresponding to eighteen lengthened pulses appearing at I08.

The circuits 65 and I56 areplaced under the control. of respective univibrators E9 and "Hi, and said univibrators are themselves .placed under the control of output signals from respective threshold stages H and I2.

Both tubes l! and E2, triode elements of a double triode, are normally .on in the absence of control voltages on their respective input terminals i i and I6. This condition is met by the provision of two diodes EM and MI shunting parts of their biassing resistors, said diodes being in a conductive state.

. In such a general condition,-with novoltage across the terminalsdc andlfi, a control pulse for the univibratorslt and I0 would pass through both stages "3! and I2, for a change-over of component frames, and the lengthened line counter would always count eighteen lengthened pulses before delivering its output signal, since the .tubes' 65 and 66 would be unoperativefor each change-over of frames.

.These control pulses are. derived from a termi- .nalillii of the circuits showninFig. 13 and, by

"The inputs of said trigger "stageare separate, the actuation input of the tube I'GZreceiVing the pulses of 18,900 C. P. 'S. at the terminal38 through a triode element of a double triode transfer stage I46, the other actuation input, for the tube IGI, receiving the change-over pulses'T of 50 C. P. S. as applied from the terminal 39 to a transfer stage 51, one plate output of which, I, contains a differentiating network for'the triggering actuation of the stage I45, through a triode element of the tube I46.

By this circuit arrangement, the trigger stage I45 is maintained in its rest condition during the time intervals between the50 C. P.S. pulses by means of the 123,900 C. P. S. for delivering a voltage pulse at 83, the length of which is a measure of the time interval between an actuation pulse of 50 C. P. S. and the next following pulse at 18,900 C. P. S. This ensures a definite phasing of the control pulses of the two univibrators'fis and '50, Fig. 12.

The actuation of said univibrators is further placed under the control of the condition of the counter 56, Fig. 13,-Which counts in a cyclical and sequential Way the component frame changeover pulses T from the time base generator 39. Said counter comprises a four-stable position trigger circuit, consisting of a step-by-step counter having its four tubes I49 to I52 interconnected according to a well-known ring chain. The counter 56 is driven by the cathodesfrom the change-over pulses T of'50 C. P. S. which are phase-displaced in the transfer stage 51', and further phase shifted in an additional stage M8 by differentiation in the input circuit of thefirst triode element of said stage I48. The actuation pulses for the counter 56 are then obtained from a cathode output of the second triode element of said stage I48.

In the counter 56, a tube only can he conductive, the rank of said tube'increasing' by one step time a component frame pulse T is -received; said counter operates in acyclical progress of four conditions ofstability.

The output E63 of the tube I50 of the counter is connected to the control grid of a triode elenient I53 having a cathode load aClOSSWl'llCh is taken the output terminal M. The plate output 'IM of the tube I52 of the counter- 55 isconnected to the control'grid of a polarity inverter triode element H, the plate output of which is connected to the terminal l6.

The terminals it and Him Fig. l3arecennected to the corresponding terminals M and-i5 in Fig. 12. The connection 563 isprovided with a high time constant in order to transmit the signalII-III of'Fig. '7 towvhichwillbesuper nnpressed the pulses incoming'fromthe diiierentiating connection ass-459' in l2'for'con trolling the univibrator 69. The connection ltd is similarly provided with a high time constant.

At the change-over pulse'T between the frames 1 and II, the tube I52 which was on is put elf,

the tube l lilbecoming conductive. The tube 152 delivers a positive pulse which appears as a negative pulse, .by the polarity reversal at "5'5, Said negative pulseblccks the vdiode is! which was conductive and,'from thisaction, the stagel'l2 isledto a too lov. control grid bias so that the actuationrpulse' for the univibrator it cannot pass. "Thetube "8% of the counter of lengthenedlines is then unblocked at thisiraine change-over instant anddelivers an output voltage 'whenthe charge of the condenser I29 reaches'a value corresponding to four pulses thus'del-ivers its' outputsignal-when'twelve lengthened pulses have been delivered before controlling the return to a normal line interval by its output 53 fed back to the actuation input of the trigger stage Fig. 11. The tube 65 of the counter in Fig. 12 has been blocked through the operation of the univibrator 5% controlled by the pulse which has been transmitted through the tube II.

The time constant provided by the resistancecapacitance network i ls-443' ensures the blocked condition of the diode it! during the complete time interval required for the count, at 5B, of three frame change-over pulses-see curve C, Fig. 7. The tube 32 will be rendered conductive only at the time of change-over of the frame IV to the frame I, and will be blocked again for the passage from the frame I to the frame 11.

For passing from the component frame If to the component frame III, the pulse T actuates the counter 56 which progresses by one step. The tube M9 becomes off and the tube it!) on. A negative pulse is delivered on the connection Hi3. This negative pulse is transferred through the tube i5 5 to the terminal It. diode l iil is then blocked until the pulse T for the component frame III arrives, as indicated in the curve B, Fig. 7. Both tubes It and 12 being blocked, neither the univibrator 59 nor the univibrator it! operates, neither the stage 65 nor the stage (it is blocked, and the stage 65 will then deliver an output pulse after two pulses have reached the condenser i253. The counter of lengthened lines will thus be reset after six lengthened pulses have been counted, and the signal on the connection $3 re-establish a normal time interval for the following synchronisation pulses.

For passing from the component frame III to the component frame IV, the condition of the tubes H and 72 is restored similar to the one relating to the passage from the frame I to the frame II. The stage 66 will be conductive and deliver a pulse after twelve lengthened lines are counted. In the frame counter 55, the incoming actuating pulse produces advance by one step of the ring chain, so that the tube I5! is conducting and the other tubes non-conducting. The positive pulse issuing from the tube I50 renders conductive the diode hill, curve B, Fig. '7.

Finally, at the fourth change-over pulse T, the counter 56 progresses again by one step and the tube I52 goes on, thus delivering a negative pulse which, in reversed polarity from ll, renders the diode it] conductive. Both the stages H and (2 are both conductive, both the univibrators E9 and it are actuated, both stages 65 and 6% are blocked and the stage 6'; thus delivers the output pulse of the counter of lengthened lines, after eighteen lengthened lines have been produced.

A phase resetting of the normal synchronisation lines after the lengthened ones is provided and is ensured by applying a reset control pulse to the trigger stage 55, Fig. 11, from a transfer stage 3|. Said particular reset pulse is applied each fourth pulse T and is derived as follows, Fig. 13, from the output terminal 16 of the frame pulse counter 56: from said terminal 6, a branch conductor 15E renders the diode r53 conductive each time a pulse is delivered at it from the counter 56; when said diode :55 is conductive, the impulse from 68 is applied at 458 to the control grid of the tube 3E. The univibrator tube 89 is thus actuated to its work condition and its output I51 renders conductive a diode i523 which makes part of the biassing network of the threshold ,75

stage 19 so that said-stage I9 is then rendered conductive for the transmission of a certain number of the pulses of 18,900 C. P. S. which are applied to its control grid through a buffer stage I58. The time interval during which said ulses thus pass towards the trigger stage 45 is adjusted by the time constant of the univibrator Bil-see curve E, Fig. 7.

The frame synchronisation signals for the television system are picked up from the output ST,,

Fig. 6, and are created by means of a univibrator 18 from the pulses issuing from the trigger stage I45, Fig. 13.

Certain details of the described embodiments may be changed without departing from the scope of the invention, more particularly with a view of simplification of the circuits: the frame change-over pulse counter 56 may control the stages 65 and 66 by its output terminals i5 and M, the threshold stages H and i2 and the univibrators 69 and 70 may be then omitted, as well as the branches i3 and it from the stage 83 these omissions only alter the degree of safety of the device. Also the bistable trigger stage G5 may be replaced by a monostable or univibrator trigger stage, comprising only the actuation input 47, the actuation input 46 and the annexed circuits being then omitted.

Naturally the counters shown and described as comprising a condenser the stepped charge of which determines the count of incoming pulses may be replaced, if wanted, by impulse counters of the kind of the ring chain counters or of the binary cascade counters.

We claim:

1. In a line sequential color television system, the combination of means for scanning a coloured picture according to a plurality of interlaced component frames, means for scanning the lines in each component frame according to a predetermined sequence of fundamental colors, a time base generator of regularly timed pulses of a normal frame frequency, a time base generator of regularly timed pulses of a frequency equal to a multiple of that of the line synchronisation pulses, a variable-ratio counter for said pulses of a mul tiple line frequency including means for normally deriving from the output of said counter line synchronisation ulses of a normal line frequency, a cyclical counter for said pulses of normal frame frequency, and means for changing the counting ratio of said counter of multiple line frequency pulses under the control of the condition of said cyclical frame frequency pulse counter and for restoring the normal counting ratio of said multiple frequency pulse counter once a predetermined number of pulses has been derived by said counter at said changed counting ratio.

2. A combination according to claim 1 wherein means are provided in said predetermined counter of multiple line frequency pulses for increasing the count of said multiple frequency pulses between the derived line synchronisation output pulses during the periods in which its counting ratio is changed.

3. A combination according to claim 1 wherein means are provided in said predetermined counter of multiple line frequency pulses for decreasing the count of said multiple frequency pulses between the derived line synchronisation pulses during the periods in which its counting ratio is changed. 7

4. In a line sequential color television system the combination of means for scanning a coloured picture according to a plurality of interlaced component frames, means for scanning the lines in each component frame according to a predetermined sequence of fundamental colors, a time base generator of a timed series of pulses of a normal frame frequency, a time base generator of a timed series of pulses of a frequency multiple to that of the normal line synchronisation frequency, a counter of said multiple frequency pulses and means for applying the output pulses from said counter of a submultiple frequency to the control of said means for scanning the lines in each component frame, a counter of said normal frame frequency pulses for the cyclical count of said pulses according to the number of said interlaced component frames and means for applying said normal frame frequency pulses to said means for scanning the picture according to said plurality of interlaced component frames, means for deriving from said frame frequency pulses a periodical signil changing the counting ratio of said counter of multiple line frequency pulses, means for selecting the output pulses from said counter at said changed counting ratio, a counter of said selected pulses, means for controlling and periodically varying the counting ratio of said counter of said selected pulses in accordance with the count of said cyclical frame frequency pulse counter, and means controlled by the output pulses from said counter of selected pulses to return said counter of multiple line frequency pulses to its normal counting ratio.

5. In a line sequential color television system the combination of means for scanning a coloured picture according to a plurality of interlaced component frames, means for scanning the lines in each component frame according to a predetermined sequence of fundamental colors and a time base generator of a timed series of pulses of a normal frame frequency, a time base generator of a timed series of pulses of a frequency equal to a multiple of that of the normal line synchronisation frequency, a counter for said multiple frequency pulses, means in said counter for deriving output pulses at a normal line synchronisation frequency and means for deriving output pulses at a frequency other than said normal line synchronisation frequency, a counter of said derived pulses of the one or the other of said frequencies, said counter cyclically controlling the said means for scanning the lines in each component frame according to a predetermined sequence of fundamental colors, a counter for cyclically counting said normal frame frequency pulses according to the number of said interlaced component frames and means for applying said normal frame frequency pulses to said means for scanning the picture according to said plurality of interlaced component frames, means for deriving from said normal frame frequency pulses a periodic signal switching in said counter of multiple line frequency pulses the output of said means for deriving the output of normal frequency pulses to the output of said means for deriving pulses at said other than normal line frequency for the actuation of said counter for the control of the said line scanning means in each component frame, means for selecting the output pulses from said counter of multiple line frequency pulses of said another line frequency, a counter of said selected pulses, means for controlling and periodically varying the counting ratio of said counter of selected pulses in accordance with the count of said cyclical frame frequency pulse counter and means for deriving 18 from the output pulses from said counter of selected pulses a signal switching back in said counter of multiple line frequency pulses the output of said means for deriving the normal frequency line synchronisation pulses to the actuation input of said cyclical counter for the control of the said line scanning means in each component frame.

6. In a combination according to claim 5, the provision of a time base generator of normal line synchronisation frequency pulses and of means for controlling from said pulses the synchronism of the frame and line synchronisation pulses for the control of said scanning means.

7. A line sequential color television scanning signal generator comprising in combination, means for scanning a coloured picture according to four interlaced component frames and means for scanning the lines in each component frame according to a predetermined sequence of three fundamental colors, a time base generator of a timed series of pulses of a normal frame frequency, a time base generator of a timed series of pulses of a frequency equal to n times the normal line frequency, a counter of said multiple line frequency pulses including means for generating a line synchronisation pulse each time it has counted n incoming pulses and also means for supplying a line synchronisation pulse each time it has counted n+1 incoming pulses, a cyclical three conditions counter of said generated line synchronisation pulses, said cyclical counter controlling by three separate outputs the color characterisation of the consecutive lines in a component frame, a four stage counter for cyclically counting said normal frame frequency pulses, a bistable trigger stage controlling in its rest condition the application of said normal line synchronisation pulses from said demultiplying counter to said cyclical three condition counter and controlling in its work condition the application of said varied frequency pulses from said demultiplying counter to said cyclical three condition counter, means for actuating to its work condition said bistable trigger stage each time a normal frame frequency pulse is delivered by said time base generator of frame synchronisation pulses, a selector circuit of said varied frequency line synchronisation pulses and a counter of said selected pulses, said counter including means for supplying an output pulse for the resetting of said bistable trigger stage after a predetermined count of selected pulses, and also including means for delivering output pulses after twelve, eighteen and six selected pulses have been counted, output control connections from the second and fourth stages of said four stage cyclical frame frequency pulse counter for respectively unblocking the output circuits in said counter of selected pulses delivering said resetting pulses after six and twelve selected pulses have been counted, and a resetting connection from the output to the input of said counter of selected pulses through said bistable trigger stage.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,296,908 Crosby Sept. 29, 1942 2,521,010 Homrighous Sept. 5, 1950 2,530,431 Huffman Nov. 21, 1950 2,552,46 Seizen May 8, 1951 2.558.489 Kalfaian June 26, 1951 

